value,what_it_measures,sample,method,source_org,year,url,tier,self_reported_or_independent
up to 820% APR,Max annualized rate charged by Yellowstone network,"25 affiliated companies; 18,000+ businesses","NY AG investigation, court judgment",NY Attorney General,2025,https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2025/attorney-general-james-announces-1-billion-settlement-predatory-lender,1,independent
$1.065 billion,Judgment against Yellowstone Capital network,25 companies,Settlement/judgment,NY Attorney General,2025,https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2025/attorney-general-james-announces-1-billion-settlement-predatory-lender,1,independent
$534.5 million,Outstanding MCA balances canceled,"18,000+ businesses nationwide (1,100+ in NY)",Settlement terms,NY Attorney General,2025,https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2025/attorney-general-james-announces-1-billion-settlement-predatory-lender,1,independent
$16.1 million,Immediate cash restitution in Yellowstone settlement,same,Settlement terms,NY Attorney General,2025,https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2025/attorney-general-james-announces-1-billion-settlement-predatory-lender,1,independent
60 or 90 days,Typical fixed-debit repayment term alleged,Yellowstone/Delta Bridge network (30+ companies/individuals),Complaint allegation,NY Attorney General,2024,https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2024/attorney-general-james-sues-large-scale-predatory-lending-operation-targeting,1,independent
$1.4 billion,Interest and fraudulent fees sought in complaint,same,Complaint allegation,NY Attorney General,2024,https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2024/attorney-general-james-sues-large-scale-predatory-lending-operation-targeting,1,independent
more than 400% interest,Rate charged on some Par Funding advances,Par Funding merchant book,SEC complaint allegation,U.S. SEC,2020,https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24860,1,independent
"nearly $500 million / ~1,200 investors",Capital raised to fund MCAs via unregistered notes,Par Funding,SEC complaint allegation,U.S. SEC,2020,https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24860,1,independent
278.5% interest,Court-calculated rate in Fleetwood Services v. Ram Capital (S.D.N.Y. 2022-06-06),"1 funder, multiple agreements",Court calculation (reported by law firm),Crowell & Moring (reporting S.D.N.Y.),2022,https://www.crowellfintalk.com/2022/08/merchant-cash-advance-redux-loan-vs-true-sale-new-york-federal-courts-weigh-in/,2,independent
100% to 300%,Rates alleged across agreements in Lateral Recovery v. Queen Funding (S.D.N.Y. 2022-07-20),multiple agreements,Pleaded/court-described (reported by law firm),Crowell & Moring (reporting S.D.N.Y.),2022,https://www.crowellfintalk.com/2022/08/merchant-cash-advance-redux-loan-vs-true-sale-new-york-federal-courts-weigh-in/,2,independent
over 50% per annum,Rate in Haymount Urgent Care v. GoFund Advance (S.D.N.Y. 2022-06-27),multiple agreements,Pleaded/court-described (reported by law firm),Crowell & Moring (reporting S.D.N.Y.),2022,https://www.crowellfintalk.com/2022/08/merchant-cash-advance-redux-loan-vs-true-sale-new-york-federal-courts-weigh-in/,2,independent
$20.3 million,"Judgment vs MCA operator Jonathan Braun ($3,421,067 redress + $16,956,000 penalties)",RCG Advances case,Jury trial + court judgment,FTC,2024,https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/02/court-enters-203-million-judgment-ftc-case-against-merchant-cash-advance-operator-jonathan-braun,1,independent
"$9,837,000",Settlement for withdrawals after balances repaid and undisclosed fees,Yellowstone Capital (FTC case),Stipulated order,FTC,2021,https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/04/cash-advance-firm-pay-98m-settle-ftc-complaint-it-overcharged-small-businesses,1,independent
"$9.7M to 7,731 businesses (51% of losses)","Refunds paid, avg >$1,200","7,731 businesses",Refund distribution,FTC,2022,https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/06/federal-trade-commission-returns-more-97-million-small-businesses-harmed-yellowstone-capitals,1,independent
"97% of ~3,000 arbitrations",Share of MCA arbitrations with no small-business appearance (Rapid Ruling),"~3,000 arbitrations, first 3 years",AG investigation/complaint,NY Attorney General,2026,https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2026/attorney-general-james-sues-sham-arbitration-service-created-help-predatory,1,independent
factor 1.15 = ~70% APR,Estimated APR behind an advertised factor rate,1 advertised offer,Fed staff calculation,Federal Reserve Board,2025,https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/2025-march-consumer-community-context.htm,1,independent
60%,Online-lender borrowers reporting costs higher than expected,"6,525 employer firms (convenience sample, fielded Sep 3-Nov 14 2025)","Survey, weighted",Federal Reserve Banks (SBCS),2026,https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/reports/survey/2026/2026-report-on-employer-firms,1,self-reported
38%,"Firms applying for loan, LOC or MCA in prior 12 months","6,525 employer firms",Survey,Federal Reserve Banks (SBCS),2026,https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/reports/survey/2026/2026-report-on-employer-firms,1,self-reported
29% (from 17% in 2020),Applicants seeking financing at online fintech lenders,"6,525 employer firms",Survey,Federal Reserve Banks (SBCS),2026,https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/reports/survey/2026/2026-report-on-employer-firms,1,self-reported
57%,Full approval rate at small banks (comparison benchmark),"6,525 employer firms",Survey,Federal Reserve Banks (SBCS),2026,https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/reports/survey/2026/2026-report-on-employer-firms,1,self-reported
37%,"Firms applying for loan, LOC or MCA (prior-year wave)","7,653 employer firms, fielded Sep-Nov 2024",Survey,Federal Reserve Banks (SBCS),2025,https://www.fedsmallbusiness.org/reports/survey/2025/2025-report-on-employer-firms,1,self-reported
48% / 49%,"Avg annualized yield, Enova small business installment / LOC (term 6-24 mo, avg 15 mo)","Enova small business portfolio (OnDeck, Headway)",10-K disclosure,Enova International (SEC 10-K),2026,https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1529864/000119312526060461/enva-20251231.htm,1,self-reported
4%-5% per quarter,Small business net charge-off range per management,"Enova small business book, $1.6B Q2 2026 originations",Earnings call statement,deBanked (reporting Enova),2026,https://debanked.com/2026/07/enova-originated-1-6b-in-small-business-loans-in-q2/,3,self-reported
min/max/mean/median APR in 6 size bands up to $500k,Data CA providers must report annually to DFPI (first due 2025-03-15),all covered CA providers,Regulation (10 CCR),Hudson Cook (reporting CA DFPI rule),2023,https://www.hudsoncook.com/article/california-dfpi-issues-final-rules-on-commercial-financing-udaap-and-annual-apr-reporting/,2,independent
$2.5M threshold; APR disclosure since 2023-08-01,NY 23 NYCRR 600 scope; annual reporting from 2025-04-30,NY providers,Regulation,Buchalter (reporting NY DFS rule),2023,https://www.buchalter.com/insights/ny-dfs-publishes-final-regulation-implementing-article-8-new-york-states-commercial-finance-disclosure-law/,2,independent
0 MCA providers,MCA providers required to report under CFPB Section 1071 final rule (filed 2026-04-30),national,Federal rule,deBanked (reporting CFPB),2026,https://debanked.com/2026/05/merchant-cash-advances-excluded-from-final-cfpb-small-business-loan-data-collection/,3,independent